THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
hai who understood the Chinese language and could work with the British forces in Burma. Reporting the results of Britain's search, Mr. Horiuchi informed Tokyo that by September 10, 1941 ten linguists had been appointed in Shanghai.[1010]
400. Japan Seeks Funds to Operate Malayan Mines
Though the ties between Great Britain and China were being constantly strengthened by economic and military measures, relations between Great Britain and Japan were weakened by the same means, for the British freezing of funds was effective in upsetting Japan's economic stability.
Unless a direct payment could be made to Japanese who were operating mines in Malay, Foreign Minister Toyoda believed that negotiations would have to be begun with England for the appropriation of the funds necessary to keep these mines open. In order to be completely informed on the situation, Foreign Minister Toyoda, in the early part of September 1941, instructed his representative at Singapore to collect data on the number of Japanese employed in the mining industry, their monthly salaries in Shanghai dollars, the cost of maintaining the equipment to keep these mines in operation, and the amount of cash in possession of the mines.[1011]
401. British Embassy Burns All Important Documents
A Japanese diplomat in Nanking reported to Tokyo on September 5, 1941 that the British Embassy, feeling the strain of existing relations with Japan, had apparently burned all important documents.[1012]
402. The Fuso Maru, an Evacuation Ship, Schedules a Stop at Singapore
Since there seemed to be little hope remaining for the reestablishment of normal relations between the two countries, detailed plans were being made in September 1941 to evacuate British and Japanese subjects to London and Tokyo respectively. These plans became more significant as time passed.
Notifying Singapore on September 10, 1941 that The Fuso Maru was scheduled to arrive there late in September, 1941, Foreign Minister Toyoda suggested that arrangements be made to fill the 700 accommodations available for passage to Tokyo aboard this ship.[1013]
403. Japan Intercedes with Britain for Germans in Iran
On September 8, 1941 Mr. Ichikawa in Teheran notified Tokyo that British and Russian forces had reached that city. Although there was still much discussion regarding the treatment of German nationals residing in Kazavin and other cities in Iran, the German authorities were opposed to being held as prisoners of the British. Therefore, German residents in Teheran were appealing to Persia to arrange their immediate transfer to Turkey. If this could not be done, the German authorities intended to retire to the Ministry compound.[1014]
Mr. Ichikawa called on the Iranian Foreign Minister to enlist his assistance in the transfer of German nationals to Turkey, but because of British pressure, the Iranian Foreign Minister was pessimistic regarding this plan. Mr. Ichikawa then visited British and Turkish authorities to obtain their help, and the American Minister in Iran agreed to speak to the British authorities there. However, at the present time, Mr. Ichikawa stated, there was great anxiety among the German residents over the prospect of being forced to return to the Ministry compound since they would have to remain there until the conclusion of the war.
[1010] III, 743.
[1011] III, 744.
[1012] III, 745.
[1013] III, 746.
[1014] III, 747.
[209]
Fighting was still going on in many areas of Iran, with the Russian army moving in the west to the Mashhad area and to the south of this territory.[1015]
404. Canada Maintains Diplomatic Relations with Vichy
Mr. Yoshizawa, the Japanese representative in Ottawa, notified his government on September 8, 1941 that Prime Minister MacKenzie King had returned home by plane on the previous day. In keeping with the stand of the British government, Prime Minister MacKenzie King had stated at a press conference that Canada intended to maintain diplomatic relations with
Vichy.[1016]
405. Foreign Minister Toyoda Anticipates Anglo-Japanese Evacuation Agreement
According to a message transmitted to Teheran on September 10, 1941 Foreign Minister Toyoda expected that an Anglo-Japanese understanding on the evacuation facilities to be provided by both countries would be reached very shortly.
To expedite the evacuation of Japanese and British subjects, the two governments were expected not to withhold any necessary permits more than a fortnight from the time when they were submitted unless a suitable explanation was given. In the matter of traveling expenses, some standard method of settling problems that might arise would be arranged between the British Embassy in Tokyo and the Japanese Finance Ministry.[1017]
Not only was Great Britain to cooperate with Japanese leaving the United Kingdom, India, Burma or British colonial territory, but it was also to place no obstacle in the way of those wishing to leave British dominions or territories under either British or Allied occupation. In return, Tokyo gave assurance of the safe passage of British subjects from Japan, Manchukuo or occupied China.[1018]
406. Hiye Maru Is Used in Japanese Evacuation
Leaving Kobe on September 22, 1941 the Hiye Maru was to pick up evacuees at Bombay, India, Bandarshapur on the Persian Gulf and Mombasa, Kenya, before returning to Yokohama. Because the schedule was not to be altered, Foreign Minister Toyoda, in a message to Teheran, Iran, on September 12, 1941, warned that all passengers should be ready to board when the ship docked, and that Iraq be informed immediately to ensure the evacuation of Japanese residents from Bagdad.
Since suitable accommodations for all were impossible to obtain, the Japanese Foreign Minister ordered that preference be given the sick, aged, women and small children.[1019]
407. "Central China Post" Strike Remains Unsettled
While these evacuation negotiations were underway it was particularly important that no incident, no matter how insignificant, be allowed to upset the Japanese-British diplomatic situation. In July 1941 a strike had broken out in the office of the Central China Post, an English language newspaper published in Hankow. The British Ambassador in Chungking, because he believed the strike had been instigated by the Japanese, the Municipal government, and the Nanking regime, demanded that immediate settlement be effected by Japanese authorities.[1020]
A message from Hankow on September 12, 1941 revealed that the incident was not yet closed. Settling in the office of the Central China Post, one group of strikers had refused to surrender,
[1015] III, 748.
[1016] III, 749.
[1017] III, 750.
[1018] Ibid .
[1019] III, 751.
[1020] III, 752.
[210]
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
whereupon the British Consul-General in Hankow filed a protest with the Japanese authorities there. However, since Japanese officials insisted that the movement was directed by Chinese attempting to impede the establishment of the New China and, consequently aiming to suppress the Central China Post, they said that any interference by Japan would be useless. They desired to let the strike run its natural course without intervention by local authorities.[1021]
408. Japan Prohibits Unauthorized Newspaper Articles
To prevent further trouble with newspapers, the printing of any articles regarding the creation of the "National Policy Cooperation", with the exception of those authorized by the proper authorities, was prohibited in Shanghai.[1022] On September 13, 1941 Japanese authorities in Shanghai requested that similar action be taken at Hankow.[1023]
409. Japan Denies Blockade of Hongkong Waters
In spite of strict precautions differences between the Japanese and the British arose over trade and shipping policies. On September 15, 1941 Japanese authorities in Canton, in answer to a British complaint, insisted that the Japanese blockading squadron had always respected Hongkong's territorial waters.[1024]
410. British Authorities Seize Egyptian Steamer
A British seizure of an Egyptian steamer, Star of Egypt, carrying a cargo of cotton and glycerin, caused Tokyo to instruct its officials at Shanghai to investigate the reason for this action and to negotiate for the release of the vessel.[1025]
Japanese authorities in Shanghai reported to Tokyo that on one occasion Japan had refused the China Trading Company a permit to send fifteen tons of glycerin to Hongkong. Since Japan stood to profit in trade negotiations by granting such permits, it was suggested that they not be withheld in the future.[1026]
411. British Seek to Check Germans in Black Sea Area
From an authentic intelligence report, the Japanese Embassy in London learned that British military authorities intended to extend the war with Germany into the Black Sea area since the German army had already planned to cross over into the Caucasus from the Bulgarian and Rumanian shores. In an effort to move its fleet into the Black Sea and forestall this German aggression, the British government was trying to persuade Turkey, Iran and Iraq of the danger of their position once German troops were in possession of the Caucasus. However, the Japanese intelligence report stated that Berlin realized the intentions of the British and therefore would delay any attack on Turkey. Nevertheless, the German army in Bulgaria was making preparations for invading the Caucasus.
The Japanese believed that Great Britain did not want to deal harshly with Persia since British troops were not scheduled originally to enter the city of Teheran. However, when the Russian government had declared its intentions to march on Teheran and dispossess the ruler, Great Britain had been placed in a difficult position.
From an American source, Japanese intelligence learned that assistance to Moscow would be included in the Lend-Lease law at some time in the future. In order to ensure British vic-
[1021] III, 753.
[1022] III, 754.
[1023] III, 755.
[1024] III, 756.
[1025] III, 757.
[1026] III, 758.
[211]
tory over Germany, the United States was determined to give Russia the maximum amount of assistance.[1027]
412. Japan Requests Reciprocity in Evacuation Plans
Tokyo was concerned with the safe passage of the Fuso Maru due to arrive in Singapore late in September, 1941 although no agreement had been achieved by September 17, 1941, the Japanese expected the British to accord the Fuso Maru the same privileges which would be granted to the English ship Anhui. The Japanese government planned to extend every convenience to the Anhui, even to supplying it with fuel and water.[1028]
Since the Fuso Maru was preparing to transport Japanese nationals from British territory, Tokyo sent a report to Singapore stating the cost of passage aboard this ship. Japanese officials in Singapore were directed to collect the fares and pay all fuel, customs, and docking expenses.
Questions regarding the remittance of funds by the evacuees and the issuance of departure and exchange permits were to be settled by the British Ambassador and the Japanese Minister of Finance. Furthermore, both Japanese and British customs officials were to begin checking baggage three days before the ship's entry into port in order to reduce any delay in disembarking.[1029]
413. British Request License to Export Glycerin
On September 18, 1941 the British Commercial Attache in Tokyo notified the Chief of the Japanese Trade Bureau that Ambassador Craigie, upon instructions from London, had asked the Governor-General in Singapore to release cotton and machinery which the British had confiscated there, in return for a license to export glycerin from Japanese-held Shanghai. It was not revealed to Ambassador Craigie at this time that officials in Singapore had previously agreed to turn over the material without any conditions and that licenses for the export of glycerin to the British had already been issued at Shanghai.[1030]
Later the same day Tokyo informed Japanese officials in Shanghai that the British Consul-General had been directed to ask them for the license, which Tokyo directed should be issued immediately.[1031]
Tokyo suggested to Singapore that the cotton and machinery, which the British were expected to release in return for this license, be loaded onto the Fuso Maru.[1032]
414. Japanese Face Financial Difficulties in Canada
On September 24, 1941, Mr. Kawasaki in Vancouver sent a plea to Tokyo requesting amelioration of the situation which had resulted in Canada from the British order freezing Japanese funds. Not only had officials been unable to arrange passage home for Japanese subjects residing in Canada but since the sending of money to and from Japan was also curtailed, families in Tokyo dependent upon relatives in Canada, and Japanese students in need of remittance from their home in Japan, were in financial straits.[1033]
415. Tokyo Protests Against Canadian Censorship
Ambassador Yoshizawa in Ottawa, acting under orders from Tokyo, officially protested to the Canadian government against its prohibition of all code and clear text telegrams between
[1027] III, 759.
[1028] III, 760.
[1029] III, 761.
[1030] III, 762.
[1031] III, 762.
[1032] III, 762.
[1033] III, 764.
[212]
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
the Canadian and American consulate offices which were not marked "Japanese Consul". Although Mr. Yoshizawa explained the difficulty in transmitting all Japanese messages through the Embassy network, Canadian officials firmly refused to rescind their previous order. In his report to Tokyo on September 24, 1941 the Japanese Ambassador expressed the opinion that Canada was particularly anxious to prevent the exchange of code messages between Vancouver and San Francisco.[1034]Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
416. British Authorities Delay Loading of Fuso Maru
On September 25, 1941 Tokyo was informed by the Japanese Consul-General in Singapore that the ship Fuso Maru was being delayed in that port by cargo loading problems. Basing their refusal on the fact that the Fuso Maru did not have enough cargo space to load all the cotton and machinery, local authorities in Singapore had withheld the necessary export permit. However, a discussion between the director of the Japanese Commercial Affairs Bureau and the British Commercial Counselor revealed that the delay in issuing this permit had been caused by a previous refusal of the Japanese maritime customs to allow a China soap company in Shanghai to export glycerin.
Attempting to offset further delay in loading the Fuso Maru, the Japanese Consul-General agreed to permit the Chinese firm to export fifty tons of the glycerin contracted for, and at the same time to secure a guarantee regarding the remaining seventy tons. In return, arrangements were to be made whereby the British Consul-General and the British Governor General in Singapore would be informed by their Ambassador in Tokyo that permission to load the Fuso Maru had been granted. Furthermore, a second Japanese ship was to take part of the Maru's cotton cargo.[1035]
Despite these arrangements, on September 27, 1941 the Fuso Maru was still in port. Though Tokyo accused Singapore authorities of scheming to delay the sailing of this vessel,[1036] Foreign Minister Toyoda told Mr. Riyoji in Singapore that there was no objection to delaying the departure of the Fuso Maru, and that all arrangements should be made to have it remain at anchor until the loading schedule was completed. The loading was to continue as planned, but no freight charges were to be paid at Singapore, since this matter would still have to be taken up with the British Embassy. Furthermore, Consul-General Horiuchi in Shanghai was instructed to proceed with issuance of the permit for the export of glycerin desired by the British.[1037]
As a result Foreign Minister Toyoda informed Singapore on September 30, 1941 that Ambassador Craigie in Tokyo had sent a message regarding the cargo of the Fuso Maru directly to the Governor General in that city.[1038] A few days later on October 2, 1941 Tokyo informed Shanghai that it was believed the British Consul-General in Shanghai had sent a telegram to the British Governor-General. Therefore, it was requested that the sailing of the Fuso Maru be further postponed to await the outcome of these latest developments.[1039]
Although the Japanese believed that the British Consul-General in Shanghai must have received Ambassador Craigie's telegram, no answer had been received by them on October 2, 1941. Consequently, finding it impossible to come to any agreement regarding permission for loading cotton and machinery, the Japanese ordered the Fuso Maru to sail. In one last attempt, however, Tokyo ordered its officials in Shanghai to remind the British Consul-General of his request for a glycerin permit.[1040]
[1034] III, 765.
[1035] III, 766.
[1036] III, 767.
[1037] III, 768.
[1038] III, 769.
[1039] III, 770.
[1040] III, 771.
[213]
417. Mr. Horiuchi and British Official Confer on Export Difficulties
On October 3, 1941 Consul Horiuchi, the Japanese representative in Shanghai, meeting with the British Consul-General, learned that the British official, since he had not received an export permit, did not regard the Japanese Consul's note as sufficient guarantee that the export of glycerin would be granted. Consul-General Horiuchi replied that he did not have the authority to interfere directly with the maritime custom's formal issuance of export permits, but, at the same time, he was certain that Japan would not hinder the shipment of 120 tons of glycerin. As proof of this statement, Consul Horiuchi pointed out that permits for 50 tons had already been granted on October 3, 1941 and a permit for 10 tons on the following day.
Although the Japanese believed these agreements had effected a satisfactory solution to the trade problem, England also desired permission for the safe passage of British naval tugs and motor launches bound for both the Suez and Singapore, insisting that this was relative to the original question. Since Shanghai reported on October 4, 1941 that this last request was handled through the Customs Investigation Committee and was just recently given to the British, Mr. Horiuchi accused British authorities of deliberately creating a delay in the negotiations.
Willing to continue attempts at compromise regarding trade, Consul-General Horiuchi in another conference with the British Consul-General insisted that not only would ships carrying glycerin be allowed to leave port safely but that permits for the British tug boats would also be issued. However, he warned that Japan would retaliate if the restrictions obstructing Japanese shipping continued.[1041]
418. Britain Issues Warning to Finland
The Japanese Minister in Helsinki notified Foreign Minister-----on September 30, 1941
that the British government, through the Norwegian Minister in Helsinki, had issued a warning to Finland on September 24, 1941 regarding its war with Russia. Unless Finland agreed to settle its border question with Russia, London would regard Finland as a belligerent and hostile nation.
In an effort to determine Finland's reply to Great Britain's demands, the Japanese Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire Minister in Helsinki called on the Finnish Foreign Minister on September 25, 1941. From the Conversation the Japanese Minister drew the conclusion that Finland would find it impossible to make definite promises to Great Britain's demands. The Japanese Minister in Helsinki questioned the Finnish Foreign Minister on the reasons surrounding Britain's presentation of its demands to Finland through the Norwegian Minister instead of through the American Minister. The Finnish Foreign Minister could not answer this question. However, he offered the theory that the United States might possibly have refused to submit Britain's demands to Finland.[1042]
419. Britain Prohibits Code Telegrams in Iran
By September 30, 1941, Mr. Ichikawa in Teheran reported to Tokyo that British domination of Iran was so complete that they were able to carry out an order prohibiting the sending and receiving of code telegrams. Apparently this edict included the French Legation as well as the German Legation.[1043]
420. Japan Threatens to Rescind Glycerin Permit
After receiving Mr. Horiuchi's version of his conference with the British Consul-General in Shanghai, Tokyo wired Shanghai on October 6, 1941 asking why the British official had not then already wired the English Governor General in Singapore and Ambassador Craigie in Tokyo
[1041] III, 772.
[1042] III, 773.
[1043] III, 774.
[214]
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
admitting that Japan had issued export permits for the glycerin. Tokyo made it clear in this message that though permits for the two shipments of fifty and seventy tons of glycerin had been granted, actually neither of these shipments would be exported until Japan received guarantees from the British that the raw cotton and machinery could be loaded.[1044]
421. Shanghai Suggests Retaliation Against British
Apparently British and Japanese representatives had reached a satisfactory understanding in Tokyo regarding these differences. Yet Shanghai officials reported on October 6, 1941 that they had been unable to put such an agreement into effect because of the attitude of the British Consul-General. Therefore it was believed that appropriate counter-measures should be taken by the Japanese.
While cutting off all future export permits to the British would undoubtedly be effective, Shanghai realized that it would also result in a complete rupture of business relations between the two countries. As an alternate measure then, Japanese officials suggested that demands be made of the British Consul-General in Shanghai, for a guarantee that no obstacles would further delay the loading of cotton aboard Japanese ships at Singapore.[1045]
The following day October 7, 1941 Shanghai passed on to Singapore the information that the British Consul-General had apparently sent the necessary requisite telegram. But, since nothing more had come of it, the British having as yet failed to release the goods confiscated in Singapore, Shanghai suggested that Japan should, in retaliation, revoke the glycerin export permit issued by the customs inspector, or, if necessary call on the Japanese navy or gendarmerie to stop actual exportation of the glycerin. Nevertheless Mr. Horiuchi hesitated to take these steps since at the conference on October 4, 1941 he had definitely assured the British Consul-General no obstacles would be placed in the way of the export of glycerin.[1046]
In consideration of these circumstances Tokyo agreed on October 8, 1941 that, instead of forbidding the glycerin export, the British Consul-General in Shanghai should wire both the Singapore Governor-General and Ambassador Craigie that Japan was permitting the shipment of 50 and 70 tons of glycerin respectively. In return Britain was expected to accord certain facilities to the Japanese ships taking the cargo of raw cotton and machinery aboard.[1047]
When Shanghai officials inquired about the telegrams on October 9, 1941, the British Consul General stated that they had been sent on October 6, 1941 to Ambassador Craigie and the Singapore Governor-General. But since Mr. Horiuchi wished to transmit them, the British official promised to turn over the text of the telegram to the Japanese Consul-General.[1048]
On October 13, 1941 Tokyo requested the complete text of the British Consul-General's official communication to Ambassador Craigie and to the British official in Singapore.[1049]
422. Churchill Reports on British Position in Russo-German War
On October 2, 1941, the Japanese Ambassador in London informed the Embassy in Washington of Churchill's report made before Parliament on September 30, 1941 concerning the British part in the Russo-German war. Since the outbreak of war between Germany and Russia, Prime Minister Churchill warned, there had been an increased feeling of optimism on the part of the British government and people. However, while Germany's preoccupation with Russia was allowing Great Britain time to deliberate upon its own situation and build up its own resistance, Prime Minister Churchill stated, Great Britain must not relax its war efforts.
[1044] III, 775.
[1045] III, 776.
[1046] III, 777.
[1047] III, 778.
[1048] III, 779.
[1049] III, 780.
[215]
Russian resistance to German forces had been greater than at first expected. Even though Leningrad might possibly fall, there was the hope that Moscow and the Caucasus would hold out through the winter and that Germany's occupation of the Ukraine could be stopped.
With Germany's attention drawn to its eastern flank, shipping on the Atlantic during the past three months had become safer. Therefore, aid from the United States was able to reach Great Britain. Furthermore, Britain's coastal defenses and the disposition of its home troops had been improved to such an extent that even though Germany might start additional invasion attempts, the British government was confident that they could be repelled.[1050]
However, the British authorities claimed that Germany, once it had defeated Soviet Russia, would not be interested in the invasion of the British Isles but instead would continue moving toward the Near East. For this reason Great Britain desired to enlist the aid of Turkey and to consolidate its position in Syria, Iraq and Iran. Not wishing to put too much economic pressure on Turkey, the British Isles had resorted to dispatching divisions of troops to that territory amounting to approximately 750,000 men. In this way Great Britain evidently hoped to impress Turkey with the number of troops it would be able to maintain behind the line of battle.
In preparation for a possible engagement with the German forces in this area, General Wavell had made a recent trip to London besides holding conferences in Baghdad and Teheran. The preparations for a defensive warfare in that area were carried to such an extent that General Wavell was lining up British forces from the Far East and India for joint British-Soviet action in the Caucasus area and possibly within the borders of Russia itself.[1051]
In order to carry on this concerted warfare against Germany, however, Russia required continued aid from Great Britain. Because of the number of German troops and planes lost in the war with Russia Prime Minister Churchill believed that Great Britain was now on an equal footing with its enemy. In comparison with 1940, particularly the period following the evacuation of Dunkirk, Great Britain now possessed eighty divisions of armed forces of which thirty-seven were armored divisions. Recently Great Britain had even been able to carry on daily and nightly bombing attacks over Germany. Great Britain expressed great admiration for the occupied countries of Europe and put strong confidence in their ability to aid England in bringing about ultimate victory.
Japanese intelligence sources reported that Churchill's dynamic political leadership was holding the British government together and enabling it to carry on a unified projection of the war against Germany. With regard to the British attitude toward Japan, it could be seen both from newspaper accounts and general public opinion that Great Britain was dissatisfied with the trend of the present Japanese-American conversations and had little hope for reaching any rapprochement with the Japanese government. Although the British government had been making some attempts to turn the tide of anti-Japanese feeling in order to watch for the outcome of the Japanese-American conversations, it refused to negotiate with Japan even on minor points of the freezing legislation. In fact, England refused to take any direct steps toward improving relations with Japan.[1052]
423. Premier Gailani in Political Exile in Iraq
On October 6, 1941 Rome received the information that former Premier Gailani had been held in political exile in Iraq since the last part of July. Since the Turkish government had assured him that it would overlook his leaving the country, Premier Gailani hoped to return to Rome by way of Baghdad with the assistance of the German government.
In reporting on the conditions in Iraq, Premier Gailani stated that the country's political stability would be very hard to maintain in the future. The politicians who would eventually
[1050] III, 781.
[1051] III, 782.
[1052] III, 783.
[216]
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
return to Iraq through Germany's assistance would not be in an enviable position, Premier Gailani stated.
In commenting on the British strength in the Near East, Premier Gailani insisted that in spite of the gross exaggeration of the British propagandists of the forces in Syria, Iraq and Iran, there were not more than a total of fourteen divisions in these countries. Furthermore, Premier Gailani did not believe that General Wavell's forces were in any position to defend the Caucasus.[1053]
424. Japan Navy Uses Chungking Currency for Secret Purchase
In the meantime, while settlements of trade negotiations were pending, Japan continued to obtain necessary materials by various devices. A dispatch from Tokyo to Shanghai on October 9, 1941 revealed the Japanese navy making purchases secretly by using Chungking currency. In order to prevent any disclosure of this activity Tokyo warned that complete contact be maintained with the Foreign Office. Any sudden fluctuations in market prices as a result of these purchases were to be avoided so that investigations would not occur.[1054]
425. British and Japanese Authorities Disagree on Shanghai Customs Officials
At the same time that negotiations were underway to remove export differences in Shanghai, the friction between the British and Japanese officials here was increased by a dispute over the appointment of customs officials in Shanghai. In September, 1941, Mr. Hirokichi Kishimoto, the chief secretary of the Inspector General of Chinese Maritime Customs in Shanghai, had informed Sir Frederick W. Maze, the British Inspector-General of Shanghai customs, that certain changes would have to be effected regarding trade conditions, before Japan would pay its customs expenses dating back as far as June 1941. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
During the discussions held for the purpose of settling British-Japanese customs problems, Tokyo proposed against United States opposition that a Japanese official be appointed to head the customs in Shanghai. Then, in a visit with Mr. Horiuchi, Sir Frederick W. Maze suggested that someone from a neutral country officiate over the customs, at least for the time being. The Japanese official refused to agree to such a proposition but then urged that Sir Maze take the responsibility of deciding the matter himself.[1055]
From a dispatch to Tsingtao, on October 14, 1941, it appeared that a suggestion had been offered whereby Japanese customs inspectors would send in reports on the character and standing of the present customs officials. But, Nanking doubted the wisdom of such a move, fearing that it might lead to chaos in the southern China customs. However if the existing policy, under which both the Peoples' Government and the Japanese army sent reports concerning the effectiveness of customs measures to Shanghai, proved unsuccessful, it seemed evident that the Japanese would take over complete control of the Shanghai customs.[1056]
By October 15, 1941, Mr. Horiuchi appeared hopeful that the protests already submitted by the American Ambassador in Tokyo would be retracted because of the present Japanese-American negotiations. It was felt, therefore, that this was the opportune moment to press Japan's demands in Shanghai. In so doing Japanese officials were to emphasize that Japan was anxious to comply with the needs of the present situation with regard to the Chinese customs in Shanghai, and to remove any causes for the friction which had been evident in the past.[1057]
[1053] III, 784-785.
[1054] III, 786.
[1055] III, 787.
[1056] III, 788.
[1057] III, 789.
[217]
426. Japan Attempts to Adjust Its Currency
As equally important as the curtailing of Japanese trade and commerce was the effect of the British freezing order on Japanese currency. Since Japanese assets abroad were frozen, a permit was even required to import a one yen bill into Japan. Therefore Japanese subjects being evacuated from Singapore were ordered by Tokyo, in late September, 1941, to change all their funds into remittance drafts. Meanwhile, the Finance Minister was checking every possible means of getting currency through into Japan.[1058]
With regard to trade, Singapore was also notified in October, 1941 that in those transactions concerning the liquidation of accounts between Japan and Great Britain exchange drafts were to be substituted for yen notes.[1059]
Application had been made by Singapore for current expenditures,[1060] with the result that on October 8, 1941 Foreign Minister Toyoda in a secret dispatch announced that approximately 600,000 yen would be sent from Tokyo, exclusive of travel expenses.[1061] Furthermore, it was intimated that Singapore was, by its own methods, securing secret funds with the approval of the Japanese government.[1062]
427. Japan Curtails Allied Propaganda
While Great Britain was imposing restrictive measures on Japan, Tokyo, in turn, was effecting certain methods of retaliation. Although apparently rendering equal treatment to all belligerent countries, Tokyo revealed in a message to London on October 4, 1941 that its Bureau of Information gave only the Axis powers ample facilities for the dissemination of propaganda.[1063]
428. Japanese Official to be Recalled from Singapore
Moreover in view of the situation existing in Singapore, Tokyo was withholding the official recall of a Japanese official in that city. But he expected to return to Tokyo sometime after October 9, 1941.[1064]
429. Japan Fears British Strength in Far East
By comparing the situation existing on October 13, 1941 with that of February 1941 Tokyo in a message to Hsingking revealed certain outstanding changes in Far Eastern conditions.[1065] First of all because the British government had come to regard Japan as an enemy nation, increasing economic pressure had been applied, with the result that Japanese interests in mining and other business enterprises had been practically destroyed. More recently the freezing order issued by the United States subsequent to Japan's occupation of French Indo-China had halted southward expansion.[1066]
As economic measures weakened Japanese strength, Great Britain seized every opportunity to build up its own economic and military holds on the East. Singapore by October 9, 1941 had already given Tokyo a full report of the activities there. During the last part of November, 1941, Sir Robert Brooke-Popham had become Commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air forces east of India. Later as the German-Soviet war and United States aid created a more favorable situation in Europe for the allies, England set up a defense base in the East using
[1058] III, 790.
[1059] III, 791.
[1060] III, 792.
[1061] III, 793.
[1062] III, 792.
[1063] III, 794.
[1064] III, 795.
[1065] III, 796.
[1066] Ibid.
Sunday, August 2, 2009
Friday, May 22, 2009
RNA templates 7.tem.001200 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
For eight years, Nelson has been studying FMR1 and two related genes, called FXR1 and FXR2. All three of the genes encode proteins that bind to RNA and help regulate the process that builds proteins from RNA templates. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Previous research had shown that fruit flies that lack the Drosophila FMR1 gene have disrupted circadian rhythms when kept in darkness, but can still reset their biological clocks when exposed to light.
So Nelson and his colleagues tested mice that lack FMR1, FXR2 or both genes to see if their biological clocks are also thrown off. When normal mice are kept in complete darkness, they fall into sleeping-waking patterns slightly shorter than 24 hours. Mice lacking either FMR1 or FXR2 have yet shorter circadian rhythms when kept in the dark, but the difference is subtle, Nelson says. The mice have no trouble resetting their circadian clocks when the lights are turned on.
Previous research had shown that fruit flies that lack the Drosophila FMR1 gene have disrupted circadian rhythms when kept in darkness, but can still reset their biological clocks when exposed to light.
So Nelson and his colleagues tested mice that lack FMR1, FXR2 or both genes to see if their biological clocks are also thrown off. When normal mice are kept in complete darkness, they fall into sleeping-waking patterns slightly shorter than 24 hours. Mice lacking either FMR1 or FXR2 have yet shorter circadian rhythms when kept in the dark, but the difference is subtle, Nelson says. The mice have no trouble resetting their circadian clocks when the lights are turned on.
Friday, May 15, 2009
shot 7.sho.0002 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
When Brandon Granthon told his father he was moving to an apartment at Mulberry and Crescent streets in Harrisburg's crime-ridden Allison Hill neighborhood, Dwane Tennant recalled telling his son to reconsider.
For Granthon, 27, the rent was cheap, and he could walk across the Mulberry Street bridge to Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, where he was a freshman studying computer science.
On Friday evening, Tennant watched as mourners placed candles, flowers, balloons and pictures of Granthon at a memorial set up at the apartment building near where Granthon was shot and killed early Tuesday.
"This area right here, it's real bad," said Tennant, who lives in uptown. "They got kids 12 and 13 years old out here with guns." Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Granthon, who school officials said carried a 4.0 grade-point average, was shot once in the chest and was found lying on his back less than a block from his apartment around 1:10 a.m. He died shortly after arriving at Harrisburg Hospital, making him the city's seventh homicide victim this year -- one shy of the total number of killings in 2008.
Tennant's first son, Kevin T. Evans, was shot to death July 19, 1996, minutes after he and three others robbed Brandon Wallace of cash and drugs at North Fifth and Harris streets. Wallace, then 19, was convicted of third-degree murder.
Police said they found cocaine on Granthon's body, but whether drugs were involved in the killing has not been determined, city spokesman Matthew Coulter said. The claim that Granthon was involved with drugs came as a surprise to those who knew him best.
"I didn't know a person who didn't like Brandon," his friend Ashley Green said. "Everyone adored him and respected him."
Granthon spent a lot of time volunteering, school officials said. He participated in a reading program where he and others read to students at Harrisburg and Steelton schools. He worked a bargain box rummage sale and volunteered at Downtown Daily Bread, a Harrisburg soup kitchen.
Teachers and staff at the university said Granthon was a leader and had a knack for applying what he learned to real-life situations.
"He consistently was a model to the other students," said Jenni Olivetti, a student services administrator. "They watched how he worked and would follow him."
Mourners gathered at the university campus on Market Street just after 5 p.m. and walked, candles in hand, across the Mulberry Street bridge, passing beautiful murals that included one sketch of a blond girl holding a sign with "peace" written on it.
They stopped at Mulberry and Crescent and stood, many sobbing and embracing each other, for more than a half-hour and placed lit candles in white, paper cups among the flowers, balloons and pictures. Granthon's 6-year-old brother, Mark Lindsay, drew a heart on a white piece of paper and placed it against a picture of his brother.
"It feels like I had my heart ripped out of my chest," said Brandon's mother, Theresa Granthon, as she clutched the stem of a small red balloon with "I love you" written on it.
Others struggled to make sense of it and pleaded for answers.
"I just want to know what happened and I want to know why," Green said. "I just want to know why."
For Granthon, 27, the rent was cheap, and he could walk across the Mulberry Street bridge to Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, where he was a freshman studying computer science.
On Friday evening, Tennant watched as mourners placed candles, flowers, balloons and pictures of Granthon at a memorial set up at the apartment building near where Granthon was shot and killed early Tuesday.
"This area right here, it's real bad," said Tennant, who lives in uptown. "They got kids 12 and 13 years old out here with guns." Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Granthon, who school officials said carried a 4.0 grade-point average, was shot once in the chest and was found lying on his back less than a block from his apartment around 1:10 a.m. He died shortly after arriving at Harrisburg Hospital, making him the city's seventh homicide victim this year -- one shy of the total number of killings in 2008.
Tennant's first son, Kevin T. Evans, was shot to death July 19, 1996, minutes after he and three others robbed Brandon Wallace of cash and drugs at North Fifth and Harris streets. Wallace, then 19, was convicted of third-degree murder.
Police said they found cocaine on Granthon's body, but whether drugs were involved in the killing has not been determined, city spokesman Matthew Coulter said. The claim that Granthon was involved with drugs came as a surprise to those who knew him best.
"I didn't know a person who didn't like Brandon," his friend Ashley Green said. "Everyone adored him and respected him."
Granthon spent a lot of time volunteering, school officials said. He participated in a reading program where he and others read to students at Harrisburg and Steelton schools. He worked a bargain box rummage sale and volunteered at Downtown Daily Bread, a Harrisburg soup kitchen.
Teachers and staff at the university said Granthon was a leader and had a knack for applying what he learned to real-life situations.
"He consistently was a model to the other students," said Jenni Olivetti, a student services administrator. "They watched how he worked and would follow him."
Mourners gathered at the university campus on Market Street just after 5 p.m. and walked, candles in hand, across the Mulberry Street bridge, passing beautiful murals that included one sketch of a blond girl holding a sign with "peace" written on it.
They stopped at Mulberry and Crescent and stood, many sobbing and embracing each other, for more than a half-hour and placed lit candles in white, paper cups among the flowers, balloons and pictures. Granthon's 6-year-old brother, Mark Lindsay, drew a heart on a white piece of paper and placed it against a picture of his brother.
"It feels like I had my heart ripped out of my chest," said Brandon's mother, Theresa Granthon, as she clutched the stem of a small red balloon with "I love you" written on it.
Others struggled to make sense of it and pleaded for answers.
"I just want to know what happened and I want to know why," Green said. "I just want to know why."
Monday, May 4, 2009
health 3.hea.0002 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
A pair of health policy advisers — one representing John McCain and the other Barack Obama — took part in a forum (one might say mild-mannered debate) this afternoon at George Washington University. Through this event, they became the public faces of the committees counseling the candidates on health issues.
Health-policy analyst Jay Khosla parried questions about John McCain’s stance; physician Dora Hughes did the same for Barack Obama.
Before joining the McCain campaign, Khosla served as a counsel on health issues for the Senate Budget Committee and held a similar position for former Senate Majority Leader — and surgeon — William H. Frist.
Hughes, herself a physician, formerly worked for Sen. Edward M. Kennedy as Deputy Director for Health on the Senate Committee on Health. Before that, Hughes was the senior program officer at the Commonwealth Fund, a national health foundation based in New York City.
But when a question from the audience asked who the candidates’ other health and research advisers were, both Khosla and Hughes demurred.
It wasn’t even clear from his somewhat strained response whether Khosla knows who the others are. He mentioned that many excellent people are advising McCain, but when pushed for names, he eventually could name only Douglas Holtz-Eakin, a former Congressional Budget Office director who’s also advising the candidate on science. For more names, Khosla asked the debate’s moderator, National Public Radio correspondent Julie Rovner, to contact others on the candidate’s campaign staff.
He did offer that a health-care professionals coalition — physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, optometrists, and others — participates weekly in a conference call to discuss health problems and policy recommendations. Members of this coalition identify, from the “ground level,” emerging issues, Khosla said, and a synthesis of their comments gets “funneled to Sen. McCain.”
Khosla did give up a few additional names as being in the McCain inner circle: Grace-Marie Turner, founder of the Galen Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, and health-care analyst Gail Wolensky, who ran the Medicare/Medicaid programs in the George H. Bush administration.Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Hughes did acknowledge knowing who Obama’s other health advisers are, but noted that their services in many cases were being provided confidentially, so she thought it inappropriate to name them. However, she did offer up that the 1989 Nobel Prize winner Harold Varmus, a former director of NIH, was among them. Other names that she mentioned: David Blumenthal, a health care analyst with an endowed chair at Harvard Medical School and David Cutler (presumably the one that’s a renowned software engineer behind a number of projects, including several of Microsoft’s more recent operating systems). http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
Today's forum was organized by the nonpartisan Scientists & Engineers for America. A recording of today's event is slated to become available at their website this evening
Health-policy analyst Jay Khosla parried questions about John McCain’s stance; physician Dora Hughes did the same for Barack Obama.
Before joining the McCain campaign, Khosla served as a counsel on health issues for the Senate Budget Committee and held a similar position for former Senate Majority Leader — and surgeon — William H. Frist.
Hughes, herself a physician, formerly worked for Sen. Edward M. Kennedy as Deputy Director for Health on the Senate Committee on Health. Before that, Hughes was the senior program officer at the Commonwealth Fund, a national health foundation based in New York City.
But when a question from the audience asked who the candidates’ other health and research advisers were, both Khosla and Hughes demurred.
It wasn’t even clear from his somewhat strained response whether Khosla knows who the others are. He mentioned that many excellent people are advising McCain, but when pushed for names, he eventually could name only Douglas Holtz-Eakin, a former Congressional Budget Office director who’s also advising the candidate on science. For more names, Khosla asked the debate’s moderator, National Public Radio correspondent Julie Rovner, to contact others on the candidate’s campaign staff.
He did offer that a health-care professionals coalition — physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, optometrists, and others — participates weekly in a conference call to discuss health problems and policy recommendations. Members of this coalition identify, from the “ground level,” emerging issues, Khosla said, and a synthesis of their comments gets “funneled to Sen. McCain.”
Khosla did give up a few additional names as being in the McCain inner circle: Grace-Marie Turner, founder of the Galen Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, and health-care analyst Gail Wolensky, who ran the Medicare/Medicaid programs in the George H. Bush administration.Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Hughes did acknowledge knowing who Obama’s other health advisers are, but noted that their services in many cases were being provided confidentially, so she thought it inappropriate to name them. However, she did offer up that the 1989 Nobel Prize winner Harold Varmus, a former director of NIH, was among them. Other names that she mentioned: David Blumenthal, a health care analyst with an endowed chair at Harvard Medical School and David Cutler (presumably the one that’s a renowned software engineer behind a number of projects, including several of Microsoft’s more recent operating systems). http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.INFO
Today's forum was organized by the nonpartisan Scientists & Engineers for America. A recording of today's event is slated to become available at their website this evening
Thursday, April 30, 2009
telomere 9.tel.003 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
A new experiment suggests that the enzyme telomerase can extend the lifespan of mice by about 26 percent.
Some cells can keep dividing forever, essentially becoming immortal thanks in part to telomerase. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire But evidence for whether this enzyme affects aging and longevity in larger organisms such as people has been muddled and contradictory.
While the enzyme enables cells to keep dividing, it also takes cells one step closer to growing and proliferating out of control — that is, becoming cancerous. Lab animals with extra genes for telomerase often die young from tumors.
Reporting in the Nov. 14 Cell, researchers in Spain engineered mice to have not only an extra copy of the gene for telomerase, but also extra antitumor genes to combat the enzyme’s cancer-causing potential. In the altered mice, signs of aging such as poor coordination or degraded tissue health were delayed compared to mice that had only the extra copies of anti-tumor genes, the team reports.
“These observations demonstrate the anti-aging effects of telomerase in ... living organisms,” Maria Blasco of the Molecular Oncology Program at the Spanish National Cancer Research Center in Madrid and her colleagues write in the report.
Telomerase lengthens telomeres — the “caps” on the end of chromosomes that protect DNA from damage. Like burning fuses, telomeres normally get shorter each time that most body cells divide. After a certain number of divisions, the telomeres in the daughter cells become too short and the chromosomes start to degrade, thus preventing the cells from dividing any further. So this shortening of telomeres places a limit on the number of times that most body cells can divide, the so-called Hayflick limit.
Telomerase enables the cell to divide indefinitely by adding back the bit of telomere lost during each cell division, essentially keeping the fuse from burning. Previous research has shown that adding an active copy of the telomerase gene to human cells causes those cells to surpass the Hayflick limit and apparently divide without end. But people with longer telomeres don’t necessarily live any longer than people with short telomeres do, so evidence for a link with lifespan has been fuzzy.
Leonard Hayflick, the biogerontologist who in 1961 discovered the limit on cell division that bears his name, says he agrees that the new research shows that telomerase can affect longevity in mice. But he doubts the scientists’ claim that the enzyme affects the actual rate of aging.http://Louis1J1Sheehan1Esquire.us
The problem, Hayflick says, is how to measure that rate. Blasco’s team tested a series of traits that might be thought of as associated with aging: whether the mice had enough coordination to walk across a rope, the health of the mice’s skin and small intestines, the mice’s sensitivity to insulin and glucose, concentrations of insulinlike growth factor-1 in the blood and, of course, average telomere length. In each of these cases, mice with the extra telomerase gene performed more like youthful mice than those with only the anti-tumor genes. But these tests may or may not reflect the actual rate of aging, Hayflick says.
“They’re about as bad as looking at gray hair,” says Hayflick, who is a professor of anatomy at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. “Look at me. I’m 80 years old and my hair’s still black.”
A lack of reliable, agreed-upon ways to measure the rate of aging is a problem for the whole field of aging research, Hayflick says, not just for this study.
Longevity — how long an animal lives — is less ambiguous. While the question still is not settled, Hayflick says, “A strengthening case has been made on the role of telomeres in affecting longevity.”
Some cells can keep dividing forever, essentially becoming immortal thanks in part to telomerase. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire But evidence for whether this enzyme affects aging and longevity in larger organisms such as people has been muddled and contradictory.
While the enzyme enables cells to keep dividing, it also takes cells one step closer to growing and proliferating out of control — that is, becoming cancerous. Lab animals with extra genes for telomerase often die young from tumors.
Reporting in the Nov. 14 Cell, researchers in Spain engineered mice to have not only an extra copy of the gene for telomerase, but also extra antitumor genes to combat the enzyme’s cancer-causing potential. In the altered mice, signs of aging such as poor coordination or degraded tissue health were delayed compared to mice that had only the extra copies of anti-tumor genes, the team reports.
“These observations demonstrate the anti-aging effects of telomerase in ... living organisms,” Maria Blasco of the Molecular Oncology Program at the Spanish National Cancer Research Center in Madrid and her colleagues write in the report.
Telomerase lengthens telomeres — the “caps” on the end of chromosomes that protect DNA from damage. Like burning fuses, telomeres normally get shorter each time that most body cells divide. After a certain number of divisions, the telomeres in the daughter cells become too short and the chromosomes start to degrade, thus preventing the cells from dividing any further. So this shortening of telomeres places a limit on the number of times that most body cells can divide, the so-called Hayflick limit.
Telomerase enables the cell to divide indefinitely by adding back the bit of telomere lost during each cell division, essentially keeping the fuse from burning. Previous research has shown that adding an active copy of the telomerase gene to human cells causes those cells to surpass the Hayflick limit and apparently divide without end. But people with longer telomeres don’t necessarily live any longer than people with short telomeres do, so evidence for a link with lifespan has been fuzzy.
Leonard Hayflick, the biogerontologist who in 1961 discovered the limit on cell division that bears his name, says he agrees that the new research shows that telomerase can affect longevity in mice. But he doubts the scientists’ claim that the enzyme affects the actual rate of aging.http://Louis1J1Sheehan1Esquire.us
The problem, Hayflick says, is how to measure that rate. Blasco’s team tested a series of traits that might be thought of as associated with aging: whether the mice had enough coordination to walk across a rope, the health of the mice’s skin and small intestines, the mice’s sensitivity to insulin and glucose, concentrations of insulinlike growth factor-1 in the blood and, of course, average telomere length. In each of these cases, mice with the extra telomerase gene performed more like youthful mice than those with only the anti-tumor genes. But these tests may or may not reflect the actual rate of aging, Hayflick says.
“They’re about as bad as looking at gray hair,” says Hayflick, who is a professor of anatomy at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. “Look at me. I’m 80 years old and my hair’s still black.”
A lack of reliable, agreed-upon ways to measure the rate of aging is a problem for the whole field of aging research, Hayflick says, not just for this study.
Longevity — how long an animal lives — is less ambiguous. While the question still is not settled, Hayflick says, “A strengthening case has been made on the role of telomeres in affecting longevity.”
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Reptillian 8.rep.992 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
The Demetabolization of Humanity: If Not Now, When?
Lou Sheehan
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology
ABSTRACT
Humanity has great reproductive potential vis-à-vis other members of the Zetan species. Additionally, Humanity has significantly superior intellectual capacity vis-à-vis almost all intelligent species in the Galaxy. However, Humanity’s irrationality is dysfunctional and can be exploited as a terminal weakness in the Galactic power struggle.
Background
Zeta Reticuli is a system comprised of two stars both of which are about 1 billion years older than the Earth’s sun. Zeti Reticuli is 39.2 light years from Earth and Zeta I is approximately one-eight of a light year from Zeta II (Friedman, 2008).
In 1947, two Zeta Reticulan I Ovoid-Class extraterrestrial lenticular-shaped aerodyne craft collided while on an observance-only mission over the atomic testing grounds in the State of New Mexico, USA, Earth (Friedman, 2008). Radar film and tower logs from American Holloman Air Force Base reflected the merger of three objects prior to collision and subsequent crashes with the third object believed to be an unrecovered test balloon (Majestic Twelve Project, 1952). The two Ovoid-Class craft experienced non-planned ground contact at two dispersed sites in New Mexico. Four Zeta Reticulan I bodies were recovered, three of which were unevacuated in a damaged escape cylinder and one of which was found several yards from the cylinder (Majestic Twelve Project, 1952). Three of the four were nonmetabolic and badly decomposed as a result of exposure and assumed predatory action. The fourth – the evacuated body – became nonmetabolic within the first hour of the American Army Air Force recovery operation (Briefing Document, 1952).
Years of intensive Human study of the retrieved components of the two Ovoid-class craft seeded numerous Human technological advances. Within decades of the recovery, the reverse engineering of recovered components led to the fruition, as examples, of fiber optics, integrated circuits, lasers, Kevlar and accelerated particle beam devices (Corso, 1997).
In 2021, Human scientists at the Furey Institute, Harrisburg University, fully replicated a functioning Ovoid-class power source (Cheng, 2022). The reactor was fueled with Element 114 in a closed system. Fueling was the initial step in the provision of amplified Gravity-✜ and Magnetic-✜ waves allowing Knaubian travel (http://www.boblazar.com).
The reactor bombarded Element 114 with hydrogen protons using a microparticle accelerator. The hydrogen protons fused into the Element 114 nucleus creating the misnamed “radioactive” form of Element 115 (“R-115”). The almost simultaneous decay of R-115 produced one particle of Anti-Hydrogen, a form of antimatter, as well as a large number of neutrinos. The flux of Anti-Hydrogen particles produced in the reactor were channeled through an evacuated tuned tube within a flowing stream of neutrinos where it was reacted with plasma in a Naccian Annihilation Reaction. This Annihilation Reaction released/exposed the inherent Subquarkian gravitational and magnetic forces of the reacting R-115 and, further, amplified the Gravity-✜ and Magnetic-✜ waves as a result of the “Island of Stability” properties of element 114 (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3313/02.html).
The generation of the Hyper-Gravity-Magnetic-Gate theoretically allowed the craft to “fall” through space to its targeted (a.k.a. “attracted”) position at theoretical “speeds” of up to 1,000 times the speed of light (“1000-c”). However, the inefficiencies of the Human constructed “Model A.X” restricted Knaubian travel to speeds of under 12-c.
With the Human National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s successful test of the first Human interplanetary flight in the Schiavelli Program (the first manned extra-Earth program after the suspension of the Apollo Program), overt and nonconcealable Zeta Reticulan contact was initiated in compliance with Zeta Reticulan Containment Policy: Earth (Pyramid 0099742.7760.04, -65,778,912).
The Zetan Founders evolved on a planet orbiting Zeta I Reticuli and populated a Zeta II Reticulan planet with a domestically genetically altered species version – to accommodate different environmental conditions – of their species. Subsequently, on Earth the Founders attempted to genetically modify a native species of simians to approximate the Founders’ appearance and abilities in the context of yet another divergent environment. As represented in many artistic representations as well as written and oral traditions, Humanity has a long record of the Founders’ involvement with Humans (Von Daniken, 1970). Yet, consistent with Human behavior, all such involvement was officially denied and actively concealed.
Rorschach Analysis for Psychological Operations
This paper’s analysis builds upon the previous research performed by agent Gregorius of Rome in Human year 590. Agent Gregorius’ report lists the following seven fundamental human weaknesses: gluttony, greed, lust, envy, wrath, pride and sloth (Gregorius, 590).
Your humble agent has uncovered the following Human Directive relating to the above-mentioned Ovoid-class crash categorized as “TOP SECRET – RESTRICTED” and herewith uses it as a succinct instrument for evidencing the current state of the Human mind as well as ongoing Human psychological weaknesses.
The Human decision in 1947 to conceal the New Mexican crashes was premised on the following rationales (Lt. Gen. Nathan F. Twining Mission Assessment, 1947) :
a. Public trust of the political institutions might be eroded and possibly held in disrepute.
b. A complete re-evaluation might take place among institutions of higher learning, thus calling into question the certainty of scientific knowledge.
c. The ability of the Armed Forces to ensure National Security might be put in jeopardy and possibly lead to public fear and disorder.
d. History and religion in the political context would probably suffer the most damage causing unprecedented upheaval in social and psychological well-being.
e. Political repercussions might occur in our diplomatic efforts of containing the Communist threat to our democratic interests.
f. If such an announcement was made by the current Administration, it could be perceived by the opposing party as a trick, laying open the possibility of unethical posturing and manipulation of the public’s mind.
How prescient and revealing was Lt. General Twining’s 1947 Assessment?
Public trust of the political institutions might be eroded and possibly held in disrepute.
In fact, public trust in Human/American institutions rapidly deteriorated subsequent to 1947 in the contexts of Vietnam, Watergate, Operation Desert Freedom, Bailoutgate, FDAgate, EPAgate, and NSAgate. Nevertheless, the United States remained a distinct and sovereign entity until a few years after “First Contact.” As is evident from numerous meta-analyses of Human nature, Twining’s peers’ decision to cloak their own short-run interests as equating to Humanity’s best interests for the simple purpose of maintaining the current economic inequalities led to the collapse of Human political organization (Marx, 2029). In sum, the Human impulse toward gluttony distorts Human rationality and results in foreseeable periods of extreme intra-species destruction.
A complete re-evaluation might take place among institutions of higher learning, thus calling into question the certainty of scientific knowledge.
Perhaps the greatest strength of the Human branch of the Zetan species is its ability to comfortably live with intellectual ambiguity (Brooks, 2008). If properly channeled, the phenomena of “Selective Consciousness” and “Fuzzy Logic” augurs well for the Zetan races for purposes of any future war with the Reptillian Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, the Human Achilles’ Heel is rooted in the same phenomena and exposes the Zetan Confederacy to multiple dangers. Indeed, these phenomena led directly to both Humanity’s relatively rapid technological advancement (Meek, 2023) but also to the massive population losses – estimated to be nearly 45% of all Humans who lived past the age of one (0.06793 Zetan I, 0.00044701 Reptilloid) solar year – caused by intra-species greed (Simcox, 2029).
The ability of the Armed Forces to ensure National Security might be put in jeopardy and possibly lead to public fear and disorder.
The Human Social War (2024 – 2028) had the effect of reducing the Human population from approximately 11 billion to under one billion. Nevertheless, in comparison with the Zeta I population of approximately 4,000 and the Zeta II population of approximately 850, the Earth branch of the Zeta species -- having the capacity for incessant lust and therefore the desire for rapid reproduction -- has experienced only a short period of disorder and, by their standards, small population loss (Wagner, 2029). Analyses of the causes of the Social War point not to fear relating to insecurity but, rather, to individual desire to have -- i.e., envy for -- the material objects possessed by other Humans (Olivetti, 2031). Once again, the only conclusion possible is that Human leadership employed misleading rhetoric so as to manipulate and thus retain control over Humanity over the short-run. Of course, the rest of Humanity compliantly remained delusional.
History and religion in the political context would probably suffer the most damage causing unprecedented upheaval in social and psychological well-being.
Given inherent Human intellectual plasticity and the historical evidence, Lt. General Twining’s fourth contention is laughable to the Reptillian mind. As one example, within months of First Contact the major Human religious texts had all been reinterpreted – each, in turn, in numerous ways -- to accommodate First Contact as well as other follow-on facts relating to same. More, Zeta’s own truth traditions, i.e., “Shokesiansanity,” gained Human adherents and, not surprisingly, several antagonistic and wrathful Human groups developed with differing interpretations of that Faith (Sagan, 2031)!
Political repercussions might occur in our diplomatic efforts of containing the Communist threat to our democratic interests.
This self-serving supposition was not relevant at the time of First Contact as this particular competing subset of Humans – i.e., “Communists” – had been incorporated into a rival, i.e., the proud American, system of economic exchange in less than 50 Earth years after First Contact (Gibbons, 2012). Evidenced, once again, is the lack of correlation between Human “reasoning” and reality; what other intelligent species cannot plan 50 years in advance? The Zetan-Human subspecies is not inclined to connect in-puts and out-puts.
If such an announcement was made by the current Administration, it could be perceived by the opposing party as a trick, laying open the possibility of unethical posturing and manipulation of the public’s mind.
Ironically, of course, to avoid overly disruptive intra-leadership competition, Human leadership determined it was appropriate to adopt a unified leadership policy of tricking Humanity by adopting unethical postures and to otherwise manipulate the public’s mind in conjunction with the assumption that the historical pattern of sloth would guarantee Humanity’s unquestioning acceptance of the leadership’s pronouncements (Adams, 2024). In lieu of reality, the leadership chose to focus Humanity’s attention on reproduction (Massengale, 2029).
Conclusion
Humanity has enormous intellectual and reproductive capacities. Concurrent with these gifts, however, is a profound irrationality. Your humble agent concludes that proper utilization of Human weaknesses will not only negate Human advantages but will, further, allow the Reptillian Co-Prosperity Sphere to undermine what, if any, intellectual advantages the Founding Zetans have. At a minimum, we should continue to situate the Humans as if they are in Cosmic Kindergarten, i.e., requiring tremendous amounts of the Founder’s time for supervision.
To avoid Humanity’s ever-increasing ability to detect our presence, it is recommended that our installations on both the Earth’s Moon and on Mars be removed. Additionally, we should continue to both randomly distribute gold to Humans and, further, target the distribution of gold to violent Human organizations.
All of the evidence suggests that Humanity has not been able to overcome its flaws during the past 1,500 Human years. At this juncture, the Reptillian Co-Prosperity Sphere should have little trouble exploiting the seven significant Human weaknesses and thus stymie the Zetan Confederacy’s gambit for rapid expansion. Further, given its inherent abilities, unpredictabilities, and contradictions, it is recommended that Humanity be eliminated proximate to the elimination of the populations on Zeta I and Zeta II as a precautionary measure for our future eggs’ sakes even if it means such operations require the elimination of the Earth habitat.
Subsequently, and assuming the destruction of Earth’s habitat, Earth may still be used as a base in our expanding Galactic Transportation System, as a source of heavier minerals and water, and as an encampment for prisoners of war (if any).
References
Adams, N. (2024). Look It Up Yourself! Harrisburg University: Illiteracy Project.
Bates, H. (1940, October), Farewell to the Master. Astounding Science Fiction
Magazine.
Briefing Document. (1952). Operation Majestic 12 Prepared for President-Elect
Dwight D. Eisenhower. (Project Operations Group, White House.)
Washington, DC: White House.
Brooks, M. (2008). 13 Things That Don’t Make Sense. New York: Doubleday.
Cheng, N. (2022). My Life as a Rocket Scientist. Shanghai: Run-ooooon Books.
Cinup War. (n.d.) In Zetapedia. Retrieved April 24, 2039, from
http://zeta.en.zetapedia.org/wiki/Cinup_War
Corso, P. (1997). The Day After Roswell. New York: Pocket Books.
Element 115. (n.d.). Bob Lazar. Retrieved April 23, 2039, from
http://www.boblazar.com
Friedman, S. (2008). Flying Saucers and Science. New Jersey: New Page Books.
Gibbons, E. (2012). Decline and Fall of the Communist Empire. Moscow: Rasputin
Disappearing Ink, Inc.
Gregorius, R. (590). Operation Hannibal Barca. Tikal: Geico Office of Records.
Island of Stability. (September, 2006). Nova scienceNOW. Retrieved April 24, 2039,
from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3313/02.html
Lt. Gen. Nathan F. Twining Mission Assessment. (1947). Recovered Lenticular
Aerodyne Objects and Implications. (Project Operations Group, White
House.) Washington, DC: White House.
Majestic Twelve Project. (1952). First Annual Report. (Project Operations Group,
White House.) Washington, DC: White House.
Marx, C. (2029). Menschlich Beschaffenheit Weltanschauung. Berlin: Econ-Verlag,
GmbH.
Massengale, R. (2029). Look Over There! Chicago: Playboy Press.
Meek, P. (2023). The Point Is: Was Cartman Right? Tahiti: South Park Press.
Olivetti, J. (2031). The Social Wars Decoded. Antigua: Partyland Publications.
Pyramid 0099742.7760.04. (-65,778,912). Containment Policy: Earth. Akenhaten:
Central Office of Records.
Pyramid 3301003.0020.54. (1947). Student Handpyramid. Akenhaten: Central
Office of Records.
Radioactive Decay. (April 23, 2009.) In Wikipedia. Retrieved April 24, 2039, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay
Sagan, K. (2031). Humanity’s Gift: Spiritual Chaos. Jerusalem: Temple Scrolls.
Simcox, E. (2029). We’re Different. Ontario: Aboot Books.
Lt. Gen. Twining. (March 9, 2009). In Wikipedia. Retrieved April 24, 2009, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Twining
Von Daniken, E. (1970). Chariots of the Gods? New York: Bantam Books, Inc.
Wagner, J. (2029). Piece It Together. Kalamazoo: Paperwork Press.
Saved at: Element115.doc http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.US
Lou Sheehan
Harrisburg University of Science and Technology
ABSTRACT
Humanity has great reproductive potential vis-à-vis other members of the Zetan species. Additionally, Humanity has significantly superior intellectual capacity vis-à-vis almost all intelligent species in the Galaxy. However, Humanity’s irrationality is dysfunctional and can be exploited as a terminal weakness in the Galactic power struggle.
Background
Zeta Reticuli is a system comprised of two stars both of which are about 1 billion years older than the Earth’s sun. Zeti Reticuli is 39.2 light years from Earth and Zeta I is approximately one-eight of a light year from Zeta II (Friedman, 2008).
In 1947, two Zeta Reticulan I Ovoid-Class extraterrestrial lenticular-shaped aerodyne craft collided while on an observance-only mission over the atomic testing grounds in the State of New Mexico, USA, Earth (Friedman, 2008). Radar film and tower logs from American Holloman Air Force Base reflected the merger of three objects prior to collision and subsequent crashes with the third object believed to be an unrecovered test balloon (Majestic Twelve Project, 1952). The two Ovoid-Class craft experienced non-planned ground contact at two dispersed sites in New Mexico. Four Zeta Reticulan I bodies were recovered, three of which were unevacuated in a damaged escape cylinder and one of which was found several yards from the cylinder (Majestic Twelve Project, 1952). Three of the four were nonmetabolic and badly decomposed as a result of exposure and assumed predatory action. The fourth – the evacuated body – became nonmetabolic within the first hour of the American Army Air Force recovery operation (Briefing Document, 1952).
Years of intensive Human study of the retrieved components of the two Ovoid-class craft seeded numerous Human technological advances. Within decades of the recovery, the reverse engineering of recovered components led to the fruition, as examples, of fiber optics, integrated circuits, lasers, Kevlar and accelerated particle beam devices (Corso, 1997).
In 2021, Human scientists at the Furey Institute, Harrisburg University, fully replicated a functioning Ovoid-class power source (Cheng, 2022). The reactor was fueled with Element 114 in a closed system. Fueling was the initial step in the provision of amplified Gravity-✜ and Magnetic-✜ waves allowing Knaubian travel (http://www.boblazar.com).
The reactor bombarded Element 114 with hydrogen protons using a microparticle accelerator. The hydrogen protons fused into the Element 114 nucleus creating the misnamed “radioactive” form of Element 115 (“R-115”). The almost simultaneous decay of R-115 produced one particle of Anti-Hydrogen, a form of antimatter, as well as a large number of neutrinos. The flux of Anti-Hydrogen particles produced in the reactor were channeled through an evacuated tuned tube within a flowing stream of neutrinos where it was reacted with plasma in a Naccian Annihilation Reaction. This Annihilation Reaction released/exposed the inherent Subquarkian gravitational and magnetic forces of the reacting R-115 and, further, amplified the Gravity-✜ and Magnetic-✜ waves as a result of the “Island of Stability” properties of element 114 (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3313/02.html).
The generation of the Hyper-Gravity-Magnetic-Gate theoretically allowed the craft to “fall” through space to its targeted (a.k.a. “attracted”) position at theoretical “speeds” of up to 1,000 times the speed of light (“1000-c”). However, the inefficiencies of the Human constructed “Model A.X” restricted Knaubian travel to speeds of under 12-c.
With the Human National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s successful test of the first Human interplanetary flight in the Schiavelli Program (the first manned extra-Earth program after the suspension of the Apollo Program), overt and nonconcealable Zeta Reticulan contact was initiated in compliance with Zeta Reticulan Containment Policy: Earth (Pyramid 0099742.7760.04, -65,778,912).
The Zetan Founders evolved on a planet orbiting Zeta I Reticuli and populated a Zeta II Reticulan planet with a domestically genetically altered species version – to accommodate different environmental conditions – of their species. Subsequently, on Earth the Founders attempted to genetically modify a native species of simians to approximate the Founders’ appearance and abilities in the context of yet another divergent environment. As represented in many artistic representations as well as written and oral traditions, Humanity has a long record of the Founders’ involvement with Humans (Von Daniken, 1970). Yet, consistent with Human behavior, all such involvement was officially denied and actively concealed.
Rorschach Analysis for Psychological Operations
This paper’s analysis builds upon the previous research performed by agent Gregorius of Rome in Human year 590. Agent Gregorius’ report lists the following seven fundamental human weaknesses: gluttony, greed, lust, envy, wrath, pride and sloth (Gregorius, 590).
Your humble agent has uncovered the following Human Directive relating to the above-mentioned Ovoid-class crash categorized as “TOP SECRET – RESTRICTED” and herewith uses it as a succinct instrument for evidencing the current state of the Human mind as well as ongoing Human psychological weaknesses.
The Human decision in 1947 to conceal the New Mexican crashes was premised on the following rationales (Lt. Gen. Nathan F. Twining Mission Assessment, 1947) :
a. Public trust of the political institutions might be eroded and possibly held in disrepute.
b. A complete re-evaluation might take place among institutions of higher learning, thus calling into question the certainty of scientific knowledge.
c. The ability of the Armed Forces to ensure National Security might be put in jeopardy and possibly lead to public fear and disorder.
d. History and religion in the political context would probably suffer the most damage causing unprecedented upheaval in social and psychological well-being.
e. Political repercussions might occur in our diplomatic efforts of containing the Communist threat to our democratic interests.
f. If such an announcement was made by the current Administration, it could be perceived by the opposing party as a trick, laying open the possibility of unethical posturing and manipulation of the public’s mind.
How prescient and revealing was Lt. General Twining’s 1947 Assessment?
Public trust of the political institutions might be eroded and possibly held in disrepute.
In fact, public trust in Human/American institutions rapidly deteriorated subsequent to 1947 in the contexts of Vietnam, Watergate, Operation Desert Freedom, Bailoutgate, FDAgate, EPAgate, and NSAgate. Nevertheless, the United States remained a distinct and sovereign entity until a few years after “First Contact.” As is evident from numerous meta-analyses of Human nature, Twining’s peers’ decision to cloak their own short-run interests as equating to Humanity’s best interests for the simple purpose of maintaining the current economic inequalities led to the collapse of Human political organization (Marx, 2029). In sum, the Human impulse toward gluttony distorts Human rationality and results in foreseeable periods of extreme intra-species destruction.
A complete re-evaluation might take place among institutions of higher learning, thus calling into question the certainty of scientific knowledge.
Perhaps the greatest strength of the Human branch of the Zetan species is its ability to comfortably live with intellectual ambiguity (Brooks, 2008). If properly channeled, the phenomena of “Selective Consciousness” and “Fuzzy Logic” augurs well for the Zetan races for purposes of any future war with the Reptillian Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, the Human Achilles’ Heel is rooted in the same phenomena and exposes the Zetan Confederacy to multiple dangers. Indeed, these phenomena led directly to both Humanity’s relatively rapid technological advancement (Meek, 2023) but also to the massive population losses – estimated to be nearly 45% of all Humans who lived past the age of one (0.06793 Zetan I, 0.00044701 Reptilloid) solar year – caused by intra-species greed (Simcox, 2029).
The ability of the Armed Forces to ensure National Security might be put in jeopardy and possibly lead to public fear and disorder.
The Human Social War (2024 – 2028) had the effect of reducing the Human population from approximately 11 billion to under one billion. Nevertheless, in comparison with the Zeta I population of approximately 4,000 and the Zeta II population of approximately 850, the Earth branch of the Zeta species -- having the capacity for incessant lust and therefore the desire for rapid reproduction -- has experienced only a short period of disorder and, by their standards, small population loss (Wagner, 2029). Analyses of the causes of the Social War point not to fear relating to insecurity but, rather, to individual desire to have -- i.e., envy for -- the material objects possessed by other Humans (Olivetti, 2031). Once again, the only conclusion possible is that Human leadership employed misleading rhetoric so as to manipulate and thus retain control over Humanity over the short-run. Of course, the rest of Humanity compliantly remained delusional.
History and religion in the political context would probably suffer the most damage causing unprecedented upheaval in social and psychological well-being.
Given inherent Human intellectual plasticity and the historical evidence, Lt. General Twining’s fourth contention is laughable to the Reptillian mind. As one example, within months of First Contact the major Human religious texts had all been reinterpreted – each, in turn, in numerous ways -- to accommodate First Contact as well as other follow-on facts relating to same. More, Zeta’s own truth traditions, i.e., “Shokesiansanity,” gained Human adherents and, not surprisingly, several antagonistic and wrathful Human groups developed with differing interpretations of that Faith (Sagan, 2031)!
Political repercussions might occur in our diplomatic efforts of containing the Communist threat to our democratic interests.
This self-serving supposition was not relevant at the time of First Contact as this particular competing subset of Humans – i.e., “Communists” – had been incorporated into a rival, i.e., the proud American, system of economic exchange in less than 50 Earth years after First Contact (Gibbons, 2012). Evidenced, once again, is the lack of correlation between Human “reasoning” and reality; what other intelligent species cannot plan 50 years in advance? The Zetan-Human subspecies is not inclined to connect in-puts and out-puts.
If such an announcement was made by the current Administration, it could be perceived by the opposing party as a trick, laying open the possibility of unethical posturing and manipulation of the public’s mind.
Ironically, of course, to avoid overly disruptive intra-leadership competition, Human leadership determined it was appropriate to adopt a unified leadership policy of tricking Humanity by adopting unethical postures and to otherwise manipulate the public’s mind in conjunction with the assumption that the historical pattern of sloth would guarantee Humanity’s unquestioning acceptance of the leadership’s pronouncements (Adams, 2024). In lieu of reality, the leadership chose to focus Humanity’s attention on reproduction (Massengale, 2029).
Conclusion
Humanity has enormous intellectual and reproductive capacities. Concurrent with these gifts, however, is a profound irrationality. Your humble agent concludes that proper utilization of Human weaknesses will not only negate Human advantages but will, further, allow the Reptillian Co-Prosperity Sphere to undermine what, if any, intellectual advantages the Founding Zetans have. At a minimum, we should continue to situate the Humans as if they are in Cosmic Kindergarten, i.e., requiring tremendous amounts of the Founder’s time for supervision.
To avoid Humanity’s ever-increasing ability to detect our presence, it is recommended that our installations on both the Earth’s Moon and on Mars be removed. Additionally, we should continue to both randomly distribute gold to Humans and, further, target the distribution of gold to violent Human organizations.
All of the evidence suggests that Humanity has not been able to overcome its flaws during the past 1,500 Human years. At this juncture, the Reptillian Co-Prosperity Sphere should have little trouble exploiting the seven significant Human weaknesses and thus stymie the Zetan Confederacy’s gambit for rapid expansion. Further, given its inherent abilities, unpredictabilities, and contradictions, it is recommended that Humanity be eliminated proximate to the elimination of the populations on Zeta I and Zeta II as a precautionary measure for our future eggs’ sakes even if it means such operations require the elimination of the Earth habitat.
Subsequently, and assuming the destruction of Earth’s habitat, Earth may still be used as a base in our expanding Galactic Transportation System, as a source of heavier minerals and water, and as an encampment for prisoners of war (if any).
References
Adams, N. (2024). Look It Up Yourself! Harrisburg University: Illiteracy Project.
Bates, H. (1940, October), Farewell to the Master. Astounding Science Fiction
Magazine.
Briefing Document. (1952). Operation Majestic 12 Prepared for President-Elect
Dwight D. Eisenhower. (Project Operations Group, White House.)
Washington, DC: White House.
Brooks, M. (2008). 13 Things That Don’t Make Sense. New York: Doubleday.
Cheng, N. (2022). My Life as a Rocket Scientist. Shanghai: Run-ooooon Books.
Cinup War. (n.d.) In Zetapedia. Retrieved April 24, 2039, from
http://zeta.en.zetapedia.org/wiki/Cinup_War
Corso, P. (1997). The Day After Roswell. New York: Pocket Books.
Element 115. (n.d.). Bob Lazar. Retrieved April 23, 2039, from
http://www.boblazar.com
Friedman, S. (2008). Flying Saucers and Science. New Jersey: New Page Books.
Gibbons, E. (2012). Decline and Fall of the Communist Empire. Moscow: Rasputin
Disappearing Ink, Inc.
Gregorius, R. (590). Operation Hannibal Barca. Tikal: Geico Office of Records.
Island of Stability. (September, 2006). Nova scienceNOW. Retrieved April 24, 2039,
from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3313/02.html
Lt. Gen. Nathan F. Twining Mission Assessment. (1947). Recovered Lenticular
Aerodyne Objects and Implications. (Project Operations Group, White
House.) Washington, DC: White House.
Majestic Twelve Project. (1952). First Annual Report. (Project Operations Group,
White House.) Washington, DC: White House.
Marx, C. (2029). Menschlich Beschaffenheit Weltanschauung. Berlin: Econ-Verlag,
GmbH.
Massengale, R. (2029). Look Over There! Chicago: Playboy Press.
Meek, P. (2023). The Point Is: Was Cartman Right? Tahiti: South Park Press.
Olivetti, J. (2031). The Social Wars Decoded. Antigua: Partyland Publications.
Pyramid 0099742.7760.04. (-65,778,912). Containment Policy: Earth. Akenhaten:
Central Office of Records.
Pyramid 3301003.0020.54. (1947). Student Handpyramid. Akenhaten: Central
Office of Records.
Radioactive Decay. (April 23, 2009.) In Wikipedia. Retrieved April 24, 2039, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay
Sagan, K. (2031). Humanity’s Gift: Spiritual Chaos. Jerusalem: Temple Scrolls.
Simcox, E. (2029). We’re Different. Ontario: Aboot Books.
Lt. Gen. Twining. (March 9, 2009). In Wikipedia. Retrieved April 24, 2009, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Twining
Von Daniken, E. (1970). Chariots of the Gods? New York: Bantam Books, Inc.
Wagner, J. (2029). Piece It Together. Kalamazoo: Paperwork Press.
Saved at: Element115.doc http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN.US
Monday, April 13, 2009
scientists 8.sci.0034 Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Scientists find a surprisingly clear connection between sleep and a healthy body: the regulation of sugar levels in the blood.
Three large genomic studies, all online December 7 in Nature Genetics, describe the first genetic link between sleep and type 2 diabetes, a disease marked by high blood sugar levels (SN: 1/3/09, p. 5). http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US The research places bodily rhythms, including the clock that sets human sleep cycles, squarely in the blood sugar business.
Melatonin is a major regulator of the body’s sleep clock, best known for its sleep-inducing properties. People with a single-letter change in the gene encoding a molecule that senses melatonin are more likely to develop diabetes, the studies show. One of the studies also showed that the sensing molecule, known to be expressed in the brain, also sits on the outside of insulin-producing pancreatic cells.
The results identify the melatonin system as a “fascinating new target” for diabetes treatments, says endocrinologist Leif Groop of Lund University in Malmö, Sweden, who coauthored two of the new reports. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire These data link two trends in the United States — rising diabetes rates and falling sleep levels.
Gene therapy restores limited vision in three people with an inherited form of blindness. Studies in mice indicate that other cells in the retina can take over for rod and cone cells.
Blind may see Gene therapy restores limited vision in three people with an inherited form of blindness. Studies in mice indicate that other cells in the retina can take over for rod and cone cells (SN: 5/24/08, p. 8).
Early signal Before symptoms appear, inflammation-promoting genes become active in immune cells in the brains of people at risk of developing bipolar disorder (SN: 4/12/08, p. 228).
Scary malaria The parasite that causes malaria is showing signs of thwarting top-line drugs called artemisinins (SN: 11/22/08, p. 9). But new reports show evidence that a vaccine still in the testing stage halves a child’s risk of getting malaria (SN: 1/3/09, p. 15).
Four months after his December 2006 hand transplant, David Savage’s partial sense of touch in the new right hand activated the same brain area that would have controlled his original right hand 35 years earlier. The photo at left was taken shortly after the transplant, while the photo at right was taken one year after the procedure.
Same brain map Months after receiving a right-hand transplant, a man displays a partial sense of touch in the new hand, activating the same brain areas that would have controlled his original hand (SN: 11/8/08, p. 18).
A-beta on the brain Comatose patients make more amyloid-beta — a substance that forms characteristic plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients — as the patients’ brains heal from injury (SN Online: 8/28/08).
Dopamine and zzzz’s The brain chemical dopamine builds up in some parts of the brain when sleep is lost (SN: 9/13/08, p. 11). Dopamine also aids in learning and memory, but too much of the chemical can hinder performance (SN: 8/30/08, p. 8).
Newborn neurons (green, above) help mice build memories. Other research shows that antidepressants may help trigger neuron generation in the hippocampus.
New neuron insights Newborn neurons (green, above) help mice build memories. Other research shows that antidepressants may help trigger neuron generation in the hippocampus (SN: 9/27/08, p. 5).
Glass a day Cell tests suggest that resveratrol, the substance that seems to account for the healthful effects of red wine, may have antiobesity effects (SN Online: 6/16/08). Other research muddies the idea that resveratrol can mimic the life-extending effects of a calorie-restricted diet, suggesting that the compound improves health but doesn’t necessarily lengthen life in humans. And it also may indirectly harm the brain (SN: 8/2/08, p. 14). http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US
Statin ups and downs Older people taking cholesterol-lowering statin drugs seem less likely to develop dementia (SN Online: 7/28/08). A variant form of the gene SLCO1B1 may be responsible for muscle pain that statins sometimes cause (SN: 8/16/08, p. 9).
Astrocytes (purple) and neurons (green) in the visual cortex of a ferret. The cells contain dyes that allow researchers to track calcium levels. When neurons are active, astrocytes respond with increased calcium, which leads nearby capillaries to increase blood flow. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire This is a previously undiscovered role for astrocytes, once thought to only act as support cells for neurons. http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US
Rising stars Astrocytes, usually thought of as support cells, regulate blood flow in the brain and may aid neuron signaling (SN: 8/2/08, p. 5).
Foul play A natural genetic variation in a protein that processes testosterone could help some athletes beat drug tests and finger others for cheating even when they play it clean (SN: 3/29/08, p. 195).
Not benign Dutch researchers advise physicians to avoid prescribing probiotics to patients with pancreatitis after a study finds the treatment triples the death rate in treated patients (SN: 2/23/08, p. 115).Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
A new drug can, with other therapies, suppress the most drug-resistant strains of the virus.
HIV updates Early HIV treatment can increase a patient’s survival chances (SN Online: 10/27/08). A new drug can, with other therapies, suppress the most drug-resistant strains of the virus (SN Online: 7/23/08). And clinics in Africa experience long lines for discounted or free male circumcision as word spreads that the operation provides partial protection against HIV (SN: 1/3/09, p. 14).
Out of sync Teenage female athletes’ temporary loss of menstrual periods coincides with a hormone imbalance. The find may help identify those people who are prone to developing the condition (SN: 7/19/08, p. 9).
Three large genomic studies, all online December 7 in Nature Genetics, describe the first genetic link between sleep and type 2 diabetes, a disease marked by high blood sugar levels (SN: 1/3/09, p. 5). http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US The research places bodily rhythms, including the clock that sets human sleep cycles, squarely in the blood sugar business.
Melatonin is a major regulator of the body’s sleep clock, best known for its sleep-inducing properties. People with a single-letter change in the gene encoding a molecule that senses melatonin are more likely to develop diabetes, the studies show. One of the studies also showed that the sensing molecule, known to be expressed in the brain, also sits on the outside of insulin-producing pancreatic cells.
The results identify the melatonin system as a “fascinating new target” for diabetes treatments, says endocrinologist Leif Groop of Lund University in Malmö, Sweden, who coauthored two of the new reports. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire These data link two trends in the United States — rising diabetes rates and falling sleep levels.
Gene therapy restores limited vision in three people with an inherited form of blindness. Studies in mice indicate that other cells in the retina can take over for rod and cone cells.
Blind may see Gene therapy restores limited vision in three people with an inherited form of blindness. Studies in mice indicate that other cells in the retina can take over for rod and cone cells (SN: 5/24/08, p. 8).
Early signal Before symptoms appear, inflammation-promoting genes become active in immune cells in the brains of people at risk of developing bipolar disorder (SN: 4/12/08, p. 228).
Scary malaria The parasite that causes malaria is showing signs of thwarting top-line drugs called artemisinins (SN: 11/22/08, p. 9). But new reports show evidence that a vaccine still in the testing stage halves a child’s risk of getting malaria (SN: 1/3/09, p. 15).
Four months after his December 2006 hand transplant, David Savage’s partial sense of touch in the new right hand activated the same brain area that would have controlled his original right hand 35 years earlier. The photo at left was taken shortly after the transplant, while the photo at right was taken one year after the procedure.
Same brain map Months after receiving a right-hand transplant, a man displays a partial sense of touch in the new hand, activating the same brain areas that would have controlled his original hand (SN: 11/8/08, p. 18).
A-beta on the brain Comatose patients make more amyloid-beta — a substance that forms characteristic plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients — as the patients’ brains heal from injury (SN Online: 8/28/08).
Dopamine and zzzz’s The brain chemical dopamine builds up in some parts of the brain when sleep is lost (SN: 9/13/08, p. 11). Dopamine also aids in learning and memory, but too much of the chemical can hinder performance (SN: 8/30/08, p. 8).
Newborn neurons (green, above) help mice build memories. Other research shows that antidepressants may help trigger neuron generation in the hippocampus.
New neuron insights Newborn neurons (green, above) help mice build memories. Other research shows that antidepressants may help trigger neuron generation in the hippocampus (SN: 9/27/08, p. 5).
Glass a day Cell tests suggest that resveratrol, the substance that seems to account for the healthful effects of red wine, may have antiobesity effects (SN Online: 6/16/08). Other research muddies the idea that resveratrol can mimic the life-extending effects of a calorie-restricted diet, suggesting that the compound improves health but doesn’t necessarily lengthen life in humans. And it also may indirectly harm the brain (SN: 8/2/08, p. 14). http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US
Statin ups and downs Older people taking cholesterol-lowering statin drugs seem less likely to develop dementia (SN Online: 7/28/08). A variant form of the gene SLCO1B1 may be responsible for muscle pain that statins sometimes cause (SN: 8/16/08, p. 9).
Astrocytes (purple) and neurons (green) in the visual cortex of a ferret. The cells contain dyes that allow researchers to track calcium levels. When neurons are active, astrocytes respond with increased calcium, which leads nearby capillaries to increase blood flow. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire This is a previously undiscovered role for astrocytes, once thought to only act as support cells for neurons. http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US
Rising stars Astrocytes, usually thought of as support cells, regulate blood flow in the brain and may aid neuron signaling (SN: 8/2/08, p. 5).
Foul play A natural genetic variation in a protein that processes testosterone could help some athletes beat drug tests and finger others for cheating even when they play it clean (SN: 3/29/08, p. 195).
Not benign Dutch researchers advise physicians to avoid prescribing probiotics to patients with pancreatitis after a study finds the treatment triples the death rate in treated patients (SN: 2/23/08, p. 115).Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
A new drug can, with other therapies, suppress the most drug-resistant strains of the virus.
HIV updates Early HIV treatment can increase a patient’s survival chances (SN Online: 10/27/08). A new drug can, with other therapies, suppress the most drug-resistant strains of the virus (SN Online: 7/23/08). And clinics in Africa experience long lines for discounted or free male circumcision as word spreads that the operation provides partial protection against HIV (SN: 1/3/09, p. 14).
Out of sync Teenage female athletes’ temporary loss of menstrual periods coincides with a hormone imbalance. The find may help identify those people who are prone to developing the condition (SN: 7/19/08, p. 9).
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